Most urban and many rural areas no longer dispose of human waste directly on the ground through outhouses, septic systems, and honey bucket systems, but collect such waste in water and discharge it through the sewer system. Deliver to families. Engineers and scientists design collection and treatment systems to take these waste materials away from where people live and produce the waste and release it into the environment.In developed countries, substantial resources are applied to the treatment and detoxification of this waste before it is discharged into a river, lake or ocean system. Developing nations are striving to obtain the resources to develop such systems so that they can improve the water quality of their surface waters and reduce the risk of water-borne infectious diseases.
There are numerous wastewater treatment technologies. A wastewater treatment train can consist of a primary clarifier system to remove solid and floating materials, a secondary treatment system consisting of an aeration basin followed by flocculation and sedimentation basins or an activated sludge system and a secondary clarifier, and a tertiary biological nitrogen removal system for a final disinfection process. The aeration basin/activated sludge system removes organic material by growing bacteria. The secondary clarifier removes the activated sludge from the water. The tertiary system, although not always included due to costs, is becoming more prevalent to remove nitrogen and phosphorus and to disinfect the water before discharge to a surface water stream or ocean outfall.
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