(FRPs)

FRPs are typically organized into a laminate structure, such that each lamina (or flat layer) consists of an arrangement of unidirectional fibers or woven fiber fabrics embedded within a thin layer of light polymer matrix material. are Fibers, usually composed of carbon or glass, provide strength and stiffness. The matrix, usually made of polyester, epoxy or nylon, binds and protects the fibers from damage and transfers stress between the fibers.

The strength properties of FRPs collectively make up one of the primary reasons for which civil engineers select them in the design of structures. A material’s strength is governed by its ability to sustain a load without excessive deformation or failure. The response of FRPs to axial compression is reliant on the relative proportion in volume of fibres, the properties of the fibre and resin and the interface bond strength. FRP composite compression failure occurs when the fibres exhibit extreme (often sudden and dramatic) lateral or sideways deflection called fibre buckling.

Among FRP’s high strength properties, the most relevant features include excellent durability and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, their high strength-to-weight ratio is of significant benefit; a member composed of FRP can support larger live loads since its deadweight does not contribute significantly to the loads that it must bear. Other features include ease of installation, versatility, anti-seismic behaviour, electromagnetic neutrality, excellent fatigue behaviour and fire resistance.

There are three broad divisions into which applications of FRP in civil

engineering can be classified: applications for new construction, repair and rehabilitation applications and architectural applications. FRPs have been used widely by civil engineers in the design of new construction. Structures such as bridges and columns built completely out of FRP composites have demonstrated exceptional durability and effective resistance to effects of environmental exposure. Pre-stressing tendons, reinforcing bars, grid reinforcement and dowels are all examples of the many diverse applications of FRP in new structures. One of the most common uses for FRP involves the repair and rehabilitation of damaged or deteriorating structures. The many applications for which FRP can be used have also been discovered. These include structures such as siding/cladding, roofing, flooring and partitions.