Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, which takes a holistic approach to the study of ecosystems, particularly ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as the application of general systems theory to ecology. The central idea of the systems ecology approach is that an ecosystem is a complex system that exhibits evolving characteristics. Systems ecology
focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is particularly concerned with how ecosystem functioning can be affected by human interventions. It uses and extends concepts from thermodynamics and other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.
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