Author: misamaliraza94
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Data Dictionaries
A data dictionary is a file or a set of files that includes a database’s metadata. The data dictionary hold records about other objects in the database, such as data ownership, data relationships to other objects, and other data. The data dictionary is an essential component of any relational database. Ironically, because of its importance,…
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Data Flow Diagrams
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a traditional visual representation of the information flows within a system. A neat and clear DFD can depict the right amount of the system requirement graphically. It can be manual, automated, or a combination of both. It shows how data enters and leaves the system, what changes the information,…
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Requirements Analysis
Requirement analysis is significant and essential activity after elicitation. We analyze, refine, and scrutinize the gathered requirements to make consistent and unambiguous requirements. This activity reviews all requirements and may provide a graphical view of the entire system. After the completion of the analysis, it is expected that the understandability of the project may improve…
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Software Requirement Specifications
The production of the requirements stage of the software development process is Software Requirements Specifications (SRS) (also called a requirements document). This report lays a foundation for software engineering activities and is constructing when entire requirements are elicited and analyzed. SRS is a formal report, which acts as a representation of software that enables the customers to review whether it…
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Personnel Planning
Personnel Planning deals with staffing. Staffing deals with the appoint personnel for the position that is identified by the organizational structure. It involves: For personnel planning and scheduling, it is helpful to have efforts and schedule size for the subsystems and necessary component in the system. At planning time, when the system method has not…
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Project Scheduling
Project-task scheduling is a significant project planning activity. It comprises deciding which functions would be taken up when. To schedule the project plan, a software project manager wants to do the following: The first method in scheduling a software plan involves identifying all the functions required to complete the project. A good judgment of the…
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Risk Management Activities
Risk management consists of three main activities, as shown in fig: Risk Assessment The objective of risk assessment is to division the risks in the condition of their loss, causing potential. For risk assessment, first, every risk should be rated in two methods: Based on these two methods, the priority of each risk can be…
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What is Risk?
“Tomorrow problems are today’s risk.” Hence, a clear definition of a “risk” is a problem that could cause some loss or threaten the progress of the project, but which has not happened yet. These potential issues might harm cost, schedule or technical success of the project and the quality of our software device, or project…
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Putnam Resource Allocation Model
The Lawrence Putnam model describes the time and effort requires finishing a software project of a specified size. Putnam makes a use of a so-called The Norden/Rayleigh Curve to estimate project effort, schedule & defect rate as shown in fig: Putnam noticed that software staffing profiles followed the well known Rayleigh distribution. Putnam used his…
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COCOMO Model
Boehm proposed COCOMO (Constructive Cost Estimation Model) in 1981.COCOMO is one of the most generally used software estimation models in the world. COCOMO predicts the efforts and schedule of a software product based on the size of the software. The necessary steps in this model are: The initial estimate (also called nominal estimate) is determined…