Author: misamaliraza94
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LR Series Circuit
All coils, inductors, chokes and transformers create a magnetic field around themselves consist of an Inductance in series with a Resistance forming an LR Series Circuit. Inductive coils and solenoids are not purely inductive devices, but instead consist of an inductance and resistance connected together to form a basic LR series circuit. In the first…
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Inductors in Parallel
Inductors are said to be connected together in Parallel when both of their terminals are respectively connected to each terminal of another inductor or inductors. The voltage drop across all of the inductors in parallel will be the same. Then, Inductors in Parallel have a Common Voltage across them and in our example below the voltage across the inductors…
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Inductors in Series
Inductors can be connected together in a series connection when the are daisy chained together sharing a common electrical current. These interconnections of inductors produce more complex networks whose overall inductance is a combination of the individual inductors. However, there are certain rules for connecting inductors in series or parallel and these are based on…
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Mutual Inductance
Mutual Inductance is the interaction of one coils magnetic field on another coil as it induces a voltage in the adjacent coil. Mutual inductance is a circuit parameter between two magnetically coupled coils and defines the ratio of a time-varying magnetic flux created by one coil being induced into a neighbouring second coil. Previously we…
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Inductance of a Coil
Inductance is the name given to the property of a component that opposes the change of current flowing through it and even a straight piece of wire will have some inductance. The inductance of a coil refers to the electrical property the inductive coil has to oppose any change in the current flowing through it.…
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The Inductor
An Inductor is a passive electrical component consisting of a coil of wire which is designed to take advantage of the relationship between magentism and electricity as a result of an electric current passing through the coil. In this tutorial we will see that the inductor is an electrical component used to introduce inductance into…
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State Variable Filter
The state variable filter is a type of multiple-feedback filter circuit that can produce all three filter responses, Low Pass, High Pass and Band Pass simultaneously from the same single active filter design. State variable filters use three (or more) operational amplifier circuits (the active element) cascaded together to produce the individual filter outputs but if required an additional summing amplifier can…
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Butterworth Filter Design
In the previous filter tutorials we looked at simple first-order type low and high pass filters that contain only one single resistor and a single reactive component (a capacitor) within their RC filter circuit design. The Butterworth filter is an analogue filter design which produces the best output response with no ripple in the pass…
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Second Order Filters
Second Order (or two-pole) Filters consist of two RC filter sections connected together to provide a -40dB/decade roll-off rate. Second Order Filters which are also referred to as VCVS filters, because the op-amp is used as a Voltage Controlled Voltage Source amplifier, are another important type of active filter design because along with the active first…
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Active Band Pass Filter
The principal characteristic of a Band Pass Filter or any filter for that matter, is its ability to pass frequencies relatively unattenuated over a specified band or spread of frequencies called the “Pass Band”. For a low pass filter this pass band starts from 0Hz or DC and continues up to the specified cut-off frequency point at…