Author: Ibrahim

Geotechnical investigations are carried out by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information about the physical properties of the soil and rocks surrounding a site in order to design foundations for earthworks and proposed structures and To repair damage to structures caused by earthworks and ground conditions. A geotechnical investigation will include surface exploration…

The following soil properties are used by geotechnical engineers in the analysis of site conditions and the design of earthworks, retaining structures and foundations.Unit Weight Total unit weight: Cumulative weight of the solid particles, water and air in the material per unit volume. Note that the air phase is often assumed to be weightless. Dry…

Seepage is the flow of fluid through soil pores. After measuring or estimating the intrinsic permeability (κi), one can calculate the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the soil, and the flow rate can be estimated. K has unit m/s and is the average velocity of water moving through a porous medium under a unit hydraulic gradient.…

The field of slope stability covers the static and dynamic stability analysis of earth slopes and rock-fill dams, other types of embankment slopes, excavated slopes, and natural slopes in soil and soft rock. As seen on the right, soil slopes can develop shear-spherical weakness zones. The probability of this occurring can be predicted in advance…

The bearing capacity of the soil is the average contact stress between the foundation and the soil that will cause shear failure in the soil. The allowable bearing stress is the bearing capacity divided by the factor of safety. Sometimes, on soft clay sites, large settlements can occur under heavily loaded foundations without true shear…

Lateral earth stress theory is used to estimate how much soil can exert pressure perpendicular to gravity. This is the pressure on the retaining walls. The lateral earth stress coefficient, K, is defined as the ratio of the lateral (horizontal) stress to the vertical stress for cohesionless soil (K = σ h/σ v). There are…

Consolidation is the process by which soil volume decreases. This occurs when pressure is applied to the soil causing the soil particles to clump together more tightly, therefore reducing the volume. When this happens in a soil that is saturated with water, the water will be squeezed out of the soil. The magnitude of stability…

Most problems in geotechnics, such as bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations, slope stability, retaining wall design, resistance to penetration and soil liquefaction, are affected by soil shear strength. Analytical and numerical analyzes use shear strength values ​​to solve these engineering problems.Shearing strength in soils is the result of resistance to movement at interparticle…

The pore water pressure u is the pressure of the water on that plane in the soil, and is most commonly calculated as the hydrostatic pressure. For stability calculations in conditions of dynamic flow (under sheet piling, beneath a dam toe or within a slope, for instance), u must be estimated from a flownet. In the situation of a…

The total stress σ is equal to the overburden stress or strain caused by the weight of the soil vertically above the ground, together with any forces acting on the soil surface (e.g. the weight of the structure). . The total stress increases with increasing depth in proportion to the density of the topsoil.