Author: Ibrahim
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Method to improve bearing capacity of soil
It is sometimes the case that the required safe bearing capacity of the soil is not available at shallow depths or is so low that the footing dimensions are too large and uneconomical. Therefore, in such situations, it becomes necessary to optimize the safe bearing capacity depending on the site conditions.
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Bearing soil Capacity
Bearing capacity of soil is the maximum load per unit area that the underlying soil or material, be it rock or clay, will support without displacement. Often, a structure fails from uneven settlement or differential settlement. Endurable bearing capacity or safe bearing capacity of soil is obtained by dividing the ultimate bearing capacity by a…
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Foundation Purpose
The foundation is the part of the structure that is in direct contact with the ground. It is the part of the structure that transfers the weight of the structure to the ground. The foundation is therefore an integral link between the structure proper and the earth supporting it. The foundation transfers the load of…
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ventilation & Lightning of rooms
The total area of doors and windows should not be less than one fourth of the area of the room. The total area of windows should be one-tenth of the floor area for hot dry climates and one-sixth of the area for wet climates. In addition to the above, ventilators are to be provided for…
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Control Line & Building Line
Building line means the frontage line of a building, i.e. the line up to which a building terrace or street extension or future street extension may legally extend to a street. This line is often known as the setback or front building line and is in each case parallel to the plot boundaries, placed by…
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Wall Finishes
Various types of finishes such as pointing, plastering, painting and distempering and decorative color washing are applied to the walls. The main functions of these endings are as follows:
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Stairs & steps
A step usually consists of a tread and a riser supported by wires. A staircase is a structure consisting of several steps leading from one floor to another. Stairs in all types of residential and public buildings should be located so as to provide the easiest and fastest possible service to the building. The main…
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what is Roofs
The roof is the topmost part of the building whose main function is to enclose the space and protect it from the effects of weather elements. A good roof is as important as a secure foundation. Just as a well-designed foundation protects a building from destruction from below, a good roof protects the building itself…
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Sills, weather shades & lintels
Window strips are provided between the bottom of the window frame and the bottom wall to protect the top of the wall from cracking. Openings are provided in the building wall to accommodate doors and windows. The actual frame of the door or window is not strong enough to support the weight of the wall…
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windows & Doors
The main function of doors in a building is to act as a cohesive link between the interiors and to allow free movement towards the exterior of the building. Windows are generally provided for adequate ventilation and lighting and their number should be determined according to requirements. Doors and windows must meet the following requirements: