Author: Ibrahim

In high rainfall areas, flat roofs are not suitable.The initial cost is high.Due to high temperature variations, sometimes the roof surfaces develop cracks that are difficult to repair.The speed of construction is slower than that of a pitched roof.If proper slope is not provided on the roof to drain the rainwater.

A flat roof is easy to construct and maintain.It gives a better architectural look to the building.Making a flat roof fire resistant is easy.It has good insulating properties. This avoids the need for a false ceiling.In the case of a flat roof, the construction of the upper floors can be easily undertaken, while in the…

A roof that is almost smooth is called a flat roof. It is becoming more popular with the introduction of suitable construction materials. It can be constructed in reinforced cement concrete (RCC), rolled steel joists, brick, concrete or flagstone supported on tiled arches. The roof is provided with a slight slope in one direction for…

The use of steel trusses has become economical for spans of more than 12 m. Various standard shapes and sizes of rolled steel are available for the construction of steel trusses. This type of truss is designed in such a way that the members are either in compression or tension and bending stresses are not…

This truss is in the shape of a bow and is also called a bow string or lattice roof truss. It is made of thin sections of wood. This truss can be used for larger spans up to 30 meters provided a light roof covering is used. In this type of truss, the central riser…

It is a combination of King Post Truss and Queen Post Truss. The upper section is shaped like a king post truss and the lower section resembles a queen post truss. The truss has two pitches. The upper pitch varies from 30 to 40° and the lower pitch from 60 to 70°. This type of…

It can be used for distances of 9-14 meters. It differs from a king post truss in having two vertical members called queen posts. The ends of the queen posts are separated by a horizontal member called a straining beam. Queen post heads are widened to receive the principal rafters and straining beams. The upper…

For spans greater than 4.8 m, when no intermediate supporting walls are available for purlins, framed structures called trusses are used. Spacing between trusses is guided by roof loads, truss material, spans and location of cross walls In a king post truss, the central vertical post called as king post provides a support for the…

It is used when the roof span is more than 5.5 meters. It is a combination of collar beam roof and close coupled roof. The rafters are supported by purlins and the purlins rest on the ends of the walls. Collars and struts are used to support purlins and rafters. Its use is recommended when…

It is used for spans between 4 and 5.5 meters. A collar of the same width as the rafters is placed on each pair of rafters and is attached at a height of one-half to one-third of the vertical height between the wall and the ridge. The collar is dovetailed to the rafters and bolts…