Surface treatment consists of filling the pores of the material exposed to moisture by providing a thin film of water-repellent material on the surface. Surface treatments can be either external or internal. External treatment is effective in preventing dampness while internal treatment reduces it to a certain extent.
Many surface treatments such as pointing, plastering, painting and distempering are given to exposed surfaces and internal surfaces as well. The most commonly used treatment to protect walls from dampness is lime-cement plaster of (1 cement: 1 lime: 6 sand) mix ratio. After the concrete is laid, a thin film of waterproofing material can be applied to its surface. Some of the materials commonly used as waterproofing agents in surface treatment are sodium or potassium silicates, aluminum or zinc sulfate, barium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate in alternative use, soft soap arid alum also in alternative use, Lime and linseed oil, columbitar, waxes and fats, resins and gums, etc.
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