A door is a movable barrier secured in an opening, known as a door, through a building wall or partition for the purpose of providing access to the interior of a building or to rooms in a building. A door is held in position by door frames, whose members are located on the sides and top of the opening or door. Door sills may or may not be provided at the bottom of the door. A window is defined as an opening in a building wall that serves one or more functions such as natural light, natural ventilation, and vision.
The main function of a door in a building is to serve as a connecting link between the internal parts and to allow free movement to the outside of the building. Windows are generally provided for the proper ventilation and lighting of a building and their size and number should be properly determined as per the requirements. To perform their basic functions, the following functional requirements should be satisfied in their design and construction.
- Weather resistance: They should be strong enough to resist the adverse effects of weather such as wind and rainfall.
- Sound and thermal insulation: They should be capable of being made airtight to achieve insulation against sound and heat. They should act as vertical barriers like walls for the passage of sound, heat and fire.
- Damp prevention and termite proofing: They should not be affected by termite and moisture penetration as they reduce their strength and durability.
- Fire resistance and durability: They should offer fire resistance and should be durable.
- Privacy and security: They should offer sufficient privacy without inconvenience or trouble and security against burglars.
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